Architectural and space-planning solutions

Design documentation has been developed for the construction of a residential building with built-in premises, preschool educational institution and built-in-attached above-ground and underground parking lots (hereinafter referred to as the residential building). Residential 8-section building - variable number of storeys, irregular broken-curvilinear L-shaped outline in plan, with a basement under the entire building, without an attic - is designed on the intra-quarter territory. The stylobate is the covering of the above-ground built-in-attached car park, which is part of the courtyard territory. Sections of the building are designed as follows: section 1 - seven floors, section 2 - nine floors, sections 3 and 6 - eleven floors, sections 4 and 5 - twelve floors, sections 7 and 8 - nineteen floors. Sections 4 and 5, which are medium in plan, have a through arch - a driveway with a width of at least 7 m and a height of 0 m, which leads to the existing building. Section 13,15, two stories high, has an entrance arch (ramp) that leads to the stylobate. The maximum height of the vertical plane of the facade from the planning ground level (-7) to the top of the crowning cornice of the 0,150-storey sections is 19 meters. For a relative mark of 58,45, the level of the finished floor of the first floor is taken. The height of the premises of the underground built-in and attached parking lot is designed to be 0,000 m. - 2,89 m. The height of the premises on the first floor of the building - 2,89 m. The height of the premises of typical floors of the building - 2,85 m. The height of the machine rooms of the elevators of sections 3,79 to 2,40 - 3,00 m. In the basement floor of sections 2,76, 1 , 6 and 2,2, individual heating points, a water metering unit, a storage room for fluorescent lamps, ventilation chambers, cable, electrical panel rooms are designed. On the ground floor of sections 1, 2, 3 and 4, the entrance groups of the premises of the residential part of the building and a preschool educational institution (DOE) are designed. Residential premises - apartments in sections 1, 2, 3, 4 are designed from the 2nd to the 7th, 9th, 11th and 12th floors respectively. The kindergarten is designed for 50 places. The functional purpose of the preschool educational institution is the daytime stay of children. All group cells have independent entrances and exits and escape routes. Separate entrances are provided for the block of medical premises and the catering department. Window blocks are designed with metal-plastic filling with double-glazed windows with opening windows and transoms. Walls and partitions are painted with acrylate paints on a pre-plastered surface. In rooms with high air humidity and in rooms with wet cleaning, wall cladding with glazed ceramic tiles is provided to a height of 1,5 m or 1,6 m from the floor, depending on the purpose of the premises. Ceilings are painted with acrylate paints. Suspended ceilings - GKL on a metal frame with filling voids with mineral wool slabs. Hemmed ceilings - slatted with filling voids with mineral wool slabs. Floor covering is provided depending on the purpose of the premises: laminate, TZI linoleum, ceramic tiles. The floors in the group rooms are designed according to the “warm floors” system. In the basement floor of sections 5, 6, 7 and 8, the premises of an individual heating point, a water metering unit, ventilation chambers, a cable room and part of the built-in-attached underground car park are designed. On the first floor of sections 5, 6, 7 and 8, the entrance groups of the premises of the residential part of the building, part of the built-in-attached above-ground car park and built-in premises intended for rent were designed. Built-in premises intended for rent have independent entrances and exits. Built-in premises are designed without detailed technological and planning solutions. Planning solutions for premises, after determining their owners, must be agreed in accordance with the procedure established by law. Residential premises - apartments are designed from the 2nd to the 12th, 11th and 19th floors, respectively. The types and number of apartments in the residential building are accepted in accordance with the apartment layout agreed by the customer. For evacuation and communication between floors, stairwells are designed in each section: in sections 1 and 2 - ordinary L1-type stairwells with glazed openings in the outer walls on each floor; in sections 4 and 5 - smoke-free staircases of the H2 type with air overpressure into the staircase in case of fire; in sections 3 and 6 - smoke-free stairwells of the H3 type with an entrance to the stairwell from the floor through a vestibule with air overpressure; in sections 7 and 8 - smoke-free stairwells of type H1 with an entrance to the stairwell from the floor through the outer air zone. Exits to the roof are designed from each staircase. On the height differences of the roof, the installation of metal fire escapes is provided. Each section has its own entrance-exit to the lobby and elevator unit. In sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 1 elevator with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg is designed, in sections 7 and 8 two elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg and 1000 kg are designed. Elevators with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg are designed to transport fire departments. The elevators of blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are designed with the upper machine rooms and, together with the stairwells, protrude from the roof plane. Blocks 7 and 8 elevators are designed without machine rooms. The residential building is equipped with three garbage collection chambers. Built-in closed type car parks consist of an underground one-story car park and an above-ground one-story car park. The car parks are designed one above the other and have a broken curvilinear outline in plan. Parking lots occupy the courtyard area and are partially located under sections 5, 6, 7, 8. The residential floors of sections 5, 6, 7, 8 are separated from the parking lots by a floor of non-residential premises. Entry and exit to the car parks is provided by independent single-track ramps located in section 8. Evacuation exits are designed along separate staircases and external open staircases. On the operated roof of the car park there is a fire passage and parking spaces for vehicles. Entrance to the operated roof - along the ramp, ascent and descent - along the external open stairs and the ramp. Partitions: interior - plasterboard frame with mineral wool filling; bathroom partitions - hollow claydite-concrete ASO-panels; partitions of bathrooms in places of adjunction to living rooms - double, hollow claydite-concrete ASO-panels and plasterboard frame partition through a mineral wool slab; prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panel. Partitions of built-in and technical premises are made of brick. Windows and balcony doors - PVC profiles filled with double-glazed windows and equipped with supply and exhaust valves. Glazing of balconies and loggias - cold profile type Stal to the height of the floor with single glazing. Doors - metal and wooden, glazed and deaf, fire-resistant and conventional. Gates - metal insulated lifting with electric drive. Covering - flat, combined, roofing - from rolled materials, in some places with a protective layer of gravel. The drain is internal. The pavement over the parking lot is flat, combined, the roof is operated with a road surface and a pavement of artificial stone slabs. In the decoration of the facades, the Melikon-Polar concrete stone, ceramic tiles and facade plaster are used, followed by painting the walls in gray and light gray tones. The premises of the apartments are being prepared for final finishing. Inter-apartment premises and parking spaces are finished in accordance with the terms of reference developed by the Customer's management. Fine finishing of built-in leased premises is carried out by tenants. Tenants are offered to apply floor coverings made of linoleum on a heat and sound insulating basis (TZI linoleum). Finishing of the premises and flooring are designed in accordance with the purpose of the premises: floors - concrete, concrete with a polymer coating, porcelain stoneware, ceramic tiles, TZI linoleum; walls - plaster, water-based paint, ceramic tiles, wallpaper; ceilings - water-based paint; suspended acoustic ceilings - gypsum boards on a metal frame with mineral wool filling of voids. Interior decoration of parking lots - in accordance with the terms of reference developed by the Customer's Directorate. Measures are envisaged to ensure the accessibility of the building for the disabled and other people with limited mobility. The coating on the paths of the MGN movement is solid, non-slip. Entrances to the building are designed from the level of the planning surface of the earth. The depth of the entrance vestibules in the office part is designed to be at least 1,80 m, in the residential sections - at least 1,50 m, the width - at least 2,20 m. The width of the corridors in the residential sections is designed to be at least 1,50 m. Entrance doors, vestibule doors and on escape routes are designed with a width of at least 0,90 m. Doorways do not have thresholds, the floor height difference in the entrance and vestibule door openings is no more than 0,025 m. In each section, elevators with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg with cabin dimensions in terms of 1,10x2,10 m are designed. There are sections of sidewalks with a lowered curb, the height of the side stone at the height difference does not exceed 0,05 m. The slopes of footpaths and sidewalks do not exceed 5% in the longitudinal direction and 1% in the transverse direction.

Structural and space-planning solutions

Building responsibility level – II (normal). The multi-storey part of the complex is divided into 5 blocks by temperature-shrinkage and sedimentary expansion joints. The underground car park is separated from the multi-storey part by a deformation-sedimentary seam. The design scheme of prefabricated-monolithic buildings is combined: at the level of the basement and the first floor - column-wall; above - cross-wall with internal longitudinal diaphragms. Bearing structures in the basement level of the first and second floors (except for sections 4 and 5) - from monolithic reinforced concrete B25; above: floors - from monolithic reinforced concrete, walls - from prefabricated panels of individual manufacture. Panels - with reinforcement in accordance with the calculation. The load-bearing structures in sections 4 and 5 are designed from B25 monolithic reinforced concrete up to the level of the sixth floor. Non-load-bearing external walls from the 1st floor - from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 100 mm thick (concrete B30, F100), with facade insulation with a layer of mineral wool slabs 150 mm thick, with plastering. The outer non-bearing walls of the central sections 4 and 5 in the places of rounding are made of ceramic hollow brick M125, 250 mm thick, with floor-by-floor support on the ceilings and followed by insulation and plastering. The walls in the basement area are finished with Melikon-Polar concrete stone 120 mm thick. Bearing external walls and piers at the level of the first and second floors - from monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 250 - 160 mm with insulation and finishing as non-bearing. The load-bearing external walls from the third floor are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 200-160 mm (concrete B30, F100) with insulation and non-bearing finishing. The outer walls of the basement are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 250 mm thick with external insulation. Internal walls and piers at the level of the basement and first floor - from monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 160 - 300 mm; at the level of the second floor - from monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 160 mm and 200 mm. Basement and 1st floor columns - with a section from 400x400 mm to 500x600 mm. Columns in the passage area - with a section of 700x900 mm. The internal load-bearing walls of the third floor and above (except for sections 4 and 5) are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 200 - 160 mm. The walls of the technical floor above the passage of sections 4 and 5 are monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200-600 mm. The internal walls of sections 4 and 5 at the level of the sixth floor and above are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 160 mm. Panels made of concrete B30, F100. The step of the transverse walls is from 2,7 to 7,0 m. The vertical junction of the wall panels with each other is rigid, keyed-loop, with B30 concrete embedded on a fine aggregate of cable loop outlets (TS 3587-12), installed with a step of 300 mm, united by vertical reinforcement with a diameter of 12 A500C. The width of the seams is 30-90 mm. Dowel size - 50x160 mm, dowel depth - 20 mm. Horizontal junction of load-bearing internal and external wall panels - platform, with fixation of the upper panel on reinforcing outlets 16 A500C (the pitch of the outlets is 1,2 m) from the wall panel of the previous floor, passing through the floor slab, with the transfer of vertical forces through the slab with B30 concrete embedment on fine filler. Horizontal joints - 20 mm thick, filled with M200 mortar. Vertical joint of external non-bearing panels with internal load-bearing panels - contact with welding of protruding plates from the outer panel in the upper zone to the embedded parts of the internal wall panels. The horizontal joint of the outer panels is platform, with fixation of the non-bearing wall panel on reinforcing outlets 16 A500C (the pitch of the outlets is 1,2 m) from the wall panel of the previous floor, passing through the floor slab, without transferring vertical loads from the overlying ceiling to the non-bearing outer wall panel. The main connections of panels - without welding. In addition to fastening non-bearing facade panels on top. Ceilings above the basement and first floors and ceilings above the driveway in sections 4 and 5 - slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete B25 200 mm thick with beams in the areas of support on columns. Interfloor ceilings - beamless slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick (concrete B25, F100) with thermal breaks in the balcony area. Covering - beamless slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete B25 with a thickness of 240 mm. Elevator shafts - from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 120 mm thick. Elements of stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete marches and platforms made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Balconies - with structural glazing, with aluminum rails fixed to the floor slabs. The spatial rigidity and stability of the sections is ensured by the joint work of the vertical load-bearing elements of the core with monolithic intermediate floors. The constructive scheme of the two-story parking lot is column-wall. All load-bearing structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete B25. Columns - with a section of 500x800 mm. Internal load-bearing walls and piers in the area of ​​​​adjacency to the multi-storey part - 200 mm thick. External walls - 250 mm thick, made of concrete W8; F100, with external insulation with a foam layer. Overlapping - beamless slab 350 mm thick. Covering - beamless slab 400 mm thick. Spatial rigidity and stability of car parks is ensured due to the joint work of columns and walls, united by a covering disk. The calculations of the building structures were made using the SCAD v.11.5 program in a finite element model. The fire resistance of structures is ensured due to the installation of a normalized value of the protective layer of concrete up to the axis of the working reinforcement and is confirmed by calculations. The level of responsibility of buildings is the second (normal). The service life of buildings is assumed to be at least 150 years. The mark of the floor of the first floor, corresponding to the absolute mark of 0,000, was taken as 4.80. The foundations are taken on a pile basis. Piles - bored, 520/670 mm in diameter, pile length from 19,25 m to 21,30 m (from the bottom of the grillage), made using the Fundex technology. Piles made of B25 concrete; W6; F100 with full length reinforcement. The absolute mark of the bottom of the piles is minus 19.50. Based on the results of static sounding, the design load on the piles is assumed to be 190 tf, the load will be verified by static tests. The connection of piles with grillage is rigid. The base of the piles is light hard clay (IGE11) with e = 0,463; E \u440d 26 kgf / cm², φ \u0,46d 700 degrees; IL = - 900 Grills of residential sections - slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 1000 mm, XNUMX mm and XNUMX mm. Concrete B25, W8, F100. The grillage of the parking lot is a slab of monolithic reinforced concrete B25; W8; F100, 600 mm thick, with a thickening in the area of ​​​​adjacency to the grillages of the multi-storey part of the building.  100 mm on a layer of polyethylene film laid on a layer of crushed stone 200 mm thick and sand 100 mm thick. Protection of basements of residential buildings and parking lots from groundwater and dampness: basement structures made of concrete W6 and W8; cold concreting joints and expansion joints - with waterstops. The calculation of the structures of residential sections and the parking lot was performed by specialists using the SCAD 11.5 software package, taking into account the joint operation of above-ground structures in accordance with the requirements of STO 36554501-006-2006. The structure of the parking lot is calculated taking into account the load from the fire engine. The average design draft of the 19-storey section is 4,1 cm; the maximum horizontal movement of the top of the 19-storey section is 15 mm. The designed car park is adjacent to the preserved building, which is an identified object of cultural heritage. The survey of the building, built in the 1880s, was carried out by specialists. The building is a four-story building with a basement floor, round in plan with a diameter of about 13,5 m. Reconstruction during the period of operation was not carried out. According to the constructive scheme, the object belongs to buildings with load-bearing brick walls. The outer and inner walls of the building are made of red ceramic solid bricks with lime mortar. The thickness of the external walls is 900 mm, internal - 780 mm.