Architectural and space-planning solutions

A multi-apartment residential building with built-in premises and underground parking was designed, 1st stage of construction. Building 8-9-12-17-19-25 storey, 22-section: eleven sections of 25 floors, four sections of 19 floors, four sections of 17 floors, one section - 12, 9, 8 floors. The maximum height of the designed building from the planning ground level to the level of the flat roof of the machine room is 75 m. On the first floor of the residential sections along the street, built-in non-residential premises are designed: three food stores, two non-food stores, two catering establishments and one leisure center. Built-in non-residential premises are designed on the first floor of the residential sections along the passage from the side of the avenue: a hairdressing salon, a police stronghold, a Savings Bank branch, a sports and recreation complex, a pharmacy, a milk distribution point, and a leisure center. All built-in premises are designed with sanitary and hygienic blocks, engineering networks, natural ventilation, the possibility of forced ventilation, independent entrances, isolated from the residential part. In sections without built-in premises, residential apartments are designed from the 1st floor. In sections with built-in premises, residential apartments from the 2nd floor are designed. On the first floors of the sections, rooms for cleaning equipment, storerooms for storing fluorescent lamps and switchboards are designed. In the basement at elevations -2,650 and -3,300, technical rooms are designed: cable, pumping, ITP, water metering units, ventilation chambers. On the top floor of each section, a technical floor is designed with static pressure chambers, diffusers and equipment for creating air pressure in the elevator shafts in case of fire. The height of the residential floor is 2,8 m, the height of the first floor with built-in premises is 3,4 m, the height of the basement floor with technical premises is 2,4 m, the height of the technical floor is 2,2 m. The entrance groups of the residential part are designed separately from the entrances to the built-in non-residential premises. In each section, a stair-lift assembly with passenger and cargo-passenger elevators with machine rooms and a load capacity of 400 and 630 kg is designed. In the 25-storey and 19-storey sections, one elevator is provided for transporting fire departments. The stairwells of each section are designed as non-smoke type HI with exits directly to the outside. Each section has a waste chute. External walls from the planning mark of the earth to the mark of 0.000 - from monolithic reinforced concrete with insulation. Above - walls made of precast concrete panels with insulation. The outer walls of the first floor of the 25-storey sections with built-in premises are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with brick inserts with insulation. Above - walls made of precast concrete panels with insulation. External wall cladding below 0.000 - decorative concrete stone. The first floors of the sections are lined with ceramic granite tiles, the street facades of the built-in premises are made of decorative concrete stone. The facades of the upper floors are plastered over the insulation with thin-layer plaster, followed by painting with mineral paints. The roof is flat, rolled, with an internal drain. Windows and balcony doors - metal-plastic with double-glazed windows. Residential apartments are designed with interior decoration, built-in non-residential premises - without decoration. An underground closed-type car park for 99 cars has been designed. The parking lot is heated, rectangular in plan, with dimensions in the extreme axes of 78,0x37,4 m, with one underground floor and above-ground premises: entrance to the parking lot, ventilation chamber, exits from evacuation stairs, fire extinguishing station. The height of the underground floor is 3,0 from the floor to the bottom of the floor beam. The underground car park is buried by 4,75 m relative to the planning ground level. The parking lot has security and engineering facilities for the car park: ventilation chambers, ITP, main switchboard, water metering unit, fire extinguishing station. Entrance to the car park is provided through an internal closed ramp from the side of the intra-block passage. External walls - from monolithic reinforced concrete with insulation. Roof - exploited, insulated. The design documentation provides for measures to ensure the life of the disabled and people with limited mobility. Unhindered access to all apartments in the residential part of the building is provided. Ramps are provided for MGN access to non-residential premises. Parking spaces for MGN are provided in open parking lots. BKTP and RTP are designed on the site. Distribution transformer substation RTP-1 for 4 transformers and transformer substation TP-1 type 2BKTP for 2 transformers. The RTP building with dimensions in the axes - 24,35x5,21 and a height of 5,76m.

Structural and space-planning solutions

The project provides for the construction of a residential building of variable number of storeys, consisting of 22 sections, a one-story underground parking lot, buildings of the RTP and BKTP. The building of a residential building is divided by settlement seams at the junction of different-storey sections and temperature-shrinkage seams along the length of the building. For the 26-storey sections, I (increased) level of responsibility was adopted, for the remaining sections of the building - II (normal). The building was designed according to a combined structural scheme: at the level of the technical underground - a cross-wall system with load-bearing internal and external walls, in the area of ​​driveways and pedestrian arches - a frame system, the upper floors - a cross-wall system with load-bearing internal walls. The load-bearing structures of all sections at the level of the technical underground are designed in monolithic reinforced concrete. In sections with built-in premises at the level of the first floor; in sections with built-in rooms and arches for passage or passage - at the level of the first, second and partially third floors, including ceilings, load-bearing structures are also designed in monolithic reinforced concrete. The walls of the technical underground are external - 300 mm, 400 mm thick, internal - 160 mm, 200 mm thick. Ceilings above the technical underground - 200 mm thick. Structures in sections of the II level of responsibility with built-in premises, in the area of ​​​​the passage and the pedestrian arch: columns with a section of 400x600mm; beams with a section of 400x1200 (h) mm, 500x800 (h) mm, 400x600 (h) mm, overlapping 200 mm thick. Monolithic structures of the building in sections of II level of responsibility are designed from concrete of class B25; the underground part of the building is designed from concrete class B25, W8, F100, reinforcement class AIII, AI. Structures in sections of the I (higher) level of responsibility with built-in premises, in the driveway and pedestrian arch area: internal walls of the technical underground 300 mm thick, pylons - 400 mm, external walls - 300 mm, 400 mm thick; internal transverse and longitudinal walls of the 1st floor 200 mm thick and pylons - 400 mm; internal transverse and longitudinal walls of the 2nd floor 200mm thick; basement beams with a section of 400x600 (h) mm; beams of the 1st floor with a section of 400x1000 (h) mm; floors above the technical underground, first floor, pedestrian arch 200 mm thick; ceiling above the second floor with a thickness of 160mm. Passage arch structures: columns with a section of 600x600mm; beams with a section of 600x1000 (h) mm, 400x800 (h) mm. In the passage area, the structures of the third floor are designed from monolithic reinforced concrete: internal walls 200 mm thick, ceiling above the passage arch 160 mm thick. Structures of pedestrian arches: columns with a section of 400x600mm and 600x600mm; beams with a section of 400 x 600 ÷ 1200 (h) mm, 500x800 (h) mm and 600x1000 (h) mm. Monolithic structures of the building in sections of the I level of responsibility are designed from concrete of class B30; the underground part of the building is designed from concrete class B30, W8, F100, reinforcement class AIII, AI. The overlying structures of the sections of the residential building are designed from prefabricated reinforced concrete products manufactured by CJSC DSK BLOK. The structural scheme of the sections is cross-walled, with load-bearing internal transverse and longitudinal walls and with hinged longitudinal external walls. Internal load-bearing walls - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 160mm thick. Internal walls of sections of the I level of responsibility - reinforced concrete panels 200 mm thick within 1-8 floors, 160 mm thick - on the overlying floors. The structural step of the transverse internal walls is 3,6 m. The outer walls of the residential part: load-bearing end walls in the places of expansion joints - three-layer prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 420 mm thick. The thickness of the outer layer is 60 mm, the insulation is 200 mm, the inner layer is 160 mm, the connection of the layers is provided by flexible connections; longitudinal curtain walls - single-layer prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 120mm thick; load-bearing end walls - single-layer prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 160mm thick. External walls made of single-layer prefabricated reinforced concrete panels are designed with additional facade insulation. Rigid mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 150 mm is attached to the outer panels using dowels, taking into account the wind effect. The number of dowels is determined by the building specialized organization, which is chosen by the customer after receiving the working documentation. The insulation is covered with mineral plaster. External non-bearing walls in sections with built-in premises at the level of the first floor are designed as three-layer 510 mm thick - from solid brick produced by NPO Keramika with a density of 1240 kg / m3, M100, F50 on a solution of M75 250 mm thick, mineral wool insulation 100 mm thick and with Melikon lining -Polar. Ceilings of standard floors and covering - prefabricated reinforced concrete flat slabs 160mm thick. In three sections of a semicircular shape, all interfloor floors are designed from monolithic reinforced concrete of class B22,5, F 75 with a thickness of 160 mm. Balcony slabs - prefabricated reinforced concrete 160 mm thick, combined with floor slabs; thermal inserts are provided in the area of ​​passage through the outer walls. Material of above-ground prefabricated reinforced concrete structures - concrete class from B15 to B30 is taken in accordance with the calculation of load-bearing structures; fittings of class AIII. Concrete grade for frost resistance for external wall panels is not lower than F50. Stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete ribbed march - platforms. Elevator shafts and ventilation blocks are three-dimensional prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by the joint work of the transverse and longitudinal internal walls, the stiffening cores formed by the three-dimensional structure of the stair-lift cages, and the unchanging horizontal disks of the floors and roofs. Conjugation of load-bearing wall panels and floor slabs - in the form of a platform joint. The vertical joints of the load-bearing panels are provided with keyed connections and steel mounting connections with the joints sealed with fine-grained concrete. In accordance with the calculation for progressive collapse in sections of the I (higher) level of responsibility, three levels of connections were designed on floors 1 ÷ 8 from corners 125 x 80 x 10, 180 mm long. The static calculation of the load-bearing structures of the building, taking into account the joint work of the building with the base, was performed by LenNIIproekt OJSC using the LIRA 9.6 software package and the PLAXIS system program. Horizontal movement of the top of the building 5,3÷11cm; acceleration of vibrations of the building structures, arising from the pulsation of the velocity pressure of the wind 0,004 ÷ 0,085 m/s2, which does not exceed the maximum permissible values. The maximum values ​​of mutual shifts between walls and ceilings in the platform joint are 0,3 mm. The maximum values ​​of mutual shifts between the walls of the perpendicular direction are 0,2 mm, which does not exceed the maximum permissible values. The main load-bearing structures of the building are designed taking into account the fire resistance requirements in accordance with STO 36554501-006-2006 and in accordance with the calculations of the structural system for progressive destruction according to SP 52-103-2007. The foundations of 9÷13 and 18-storey sections are taken from prefabricated reinforced concrete driven piles with a section of 40 x 40 cm, a length of 14 ÷ 16 m and 22 m, respectively, immersed by indentation, from concrete of class B25, W6, F100. The calculated pile load of 80 tf was adopted on the basis of pre-design tests of piles with a static indentation load. In accordance with the report on engineering and geological surveys of Izyskatel LLC in 2010, the lower ends of the piles are immersed in soils: EGE-7, silty dense sands, with interlayers of silty sandy loam, gray, saturated with water (E = 280 kgf / cm2); and EGE-9, silty sandy loam, with gravel, pebbles, gray, plastic (E=110kgf/cm², IL=0.245). Expected settlement draft of 9÷13 storey sections 4 ÷ 5 cm, 18 storey sections 15 ÷ 18 cm. pipes. Pile material - class B25, F150, W6 concrete, class AIII, AI reinforcement. The design pile load of 100 tf was adopted on the basis of pre-design tests of piles with a static indentation load carried out by Department No. 6 of OP "PKTI" in 2010, No. 7705A. The lower end of the piles is immersed in the EGE-10 soil, sandy loam is silty, with gravel, pebbles, gray, hard, E = 170 kgf / cm², IL = -0.193. The expected design draft of 20÷18 storey sections is 7-9 cm. Pairing of piles and grillage is rigid. The foundations of the 26-storey sections are piled. Piles - bored with a diameter of 520 mm, length 35,25 ÷ 37,3 m, are carried out under the protection of the casing. Pile material - class B25, F150, W6 concrete, class AIII, AI reinforcement. The calculated pile load of 140 tf was adopted on the basis of pre-design tests of piles with a static indentation load. The lower end of the piles is immersed in the EGE-10 soil - dusty sandy loam, with gravel, pebbles, gray, hard, E = 170 kgf / cm², JL = -0.193. Expected design settlement of 26-storey sections is 5.5 ÷ 8 cm. Grillage - slab, 800 mm thick, made of monolithic reinforced concrete B30, W8, F100, class AIII, AI reinforcement. The connection of the pile with the grillage is rigid. The foundations of the 20-storey section are piled. Piles - bored with a diameter of 520 mm, length 37,5 m, carried out under the protection of the casing. Pile material - class B25, F150, W6 concrete, class AIII, AI reinforcement. The calculated pile load of 140 tf was adopted on the basis of pre-design tests of piles with a static indentation load carried out by Department N6 of OP "PKTI" in 2010, N7758A. The lower end of the piles is immersed in the EGE-10 soil - dusty sandy loam, with gravel, pebbles, gray, hard, E = 170 kgf / cm², JL = -0.193. The expected design draft is 8-12 cm. The grillage is slab, 600 mm thick, made of monolithic reinforced concrete, concrete B25, W8, F100, class AIII, AI reinforcement. .The connection of the pile with the grillage is rigid. Under all grillages, a concrete preparation 100 mm thick made of B7.5 concrete is provided along a crushed stone cushion 200 ÷ 250 mm thick, laid with a slope towards drainage and spilled with bitumen until completely saturated. The project provides for control tests of piles. The length of piles more than 35 m is taken from the condition of occurrence of the bearing layer, the stages of construction, the reduction of the difference between the settlements of the sections of the building and their mutual influence. The relative mark of 0 for residential sections corresponds to the absolute mark of 0.000. Structures of a one-storey underground car park for 8.300 parking spaces are designed from monolithic reinforced concrete of class B99, F30, W100. Structural scheme - column - wall. Columns with a section of 500 x 500 mm, a grid of columns 6,1 x 7,9 m, 6,5 x 7,9 m. External walls - 300 mm thick, ceiling - slab 300 mm thick along beams with a section of 500 x 500 mm. The car park cover is exploitable and designed to withstand the temporary load from the fire truck. Superstructure cover - 250 mm thick. Spatial rigidity and stability are ensured by the joint work of columns, beams, horizontal disks of monolithic ceilings, external walls and stair-lift units. The foundation of the car park is piled, with a monolithic reinforced concrete slab grillage 800 mm thick (concrete B30, W10, F100, class AIII, AI reinforcement). Piles - bored with a diameter of 450 mm, are carried out under the protection of the casing. The length of the piles is 10,35 and 12,35 m. Pile material - class B30, F150, W6 concrete, class AIII, AI reinforcement. The connection of piles with grillage is rigid. Under the grillage, concrete preparation is provided from concrete of class B7,5 with a thickness of 100 mm along a crushed stone cushion with a thickness of 250 mm. The lower end of the piles is immersed in soils EGE-7 - dusty dense sands saturated with water (E = 280 kgf / cm2) and EGE-8 - dusty gray plastic sandy loam (E = 110 kgf / cm2, IL = 0,334). The design load on the pile is assumed to be 60 tf based on the results of static sounding. A relative elevation of 0.00 for a car park corresponds to an absolute elevation of 2,650m. Prior to the start of excavation of the foundation pit for the parking lot, the project provides for the installation of a protective wall made of sheet piling type "Larsen V" with a length of 22 m. The piling is provided for by a high-frequency resonance-free method into a previously made lighthouse trench 0,5 ÷ 1,0 m deep and 0,6 m wide. Sheet piling is designed for technological loads of 3t/m2, located at a distance of 2m from the edge of the excavation. The arrangement of the pile field is envisaged to be carried out simultaneously for the entire residential building ahead of the construction of the structures of the above-ground part.