Architectural and space-planning solutions

The design documentation provides for the construction of an apartment building and a parking lot (garage). The parking lot is intended only for the storage of passenger vehicles of the residents of the house. The multi-apartment panel house is designed with monolithic walls of the basement and first floor, 25-storey, two-section (section B, section B-mirror) with a basement and a technical attic (height of the attic in the clear is 1,79 m; the attic is provided for laying engineering communications and in accordance with .2.8 Appendix B, SP 54.13330.2011 is not a storey). The designed building is oriented towards the avenue with its main facade. The dimensions of the building in the axes are 88,9 x 18,0 m. The height from ground level to the top of the roof parapet is 76,90 m. The height of the residential floors is 2,8 m, the basement rooms (from floor to ceiling) are 2,6 m, the technical attic rooms are 1,79 m. For a relative mark of 0,000 for a residential building, the level of the top of the basement floor slab is taken, corresponding to the absolute mark of 16.160. The outer walls of the building are reinforced concrete panels with external insulation with mineral wool and thin-layer mineral plaster on a grid. Reinforced concrete monolithic walls of the first floor are insulated with mineral wool slabs and lined with decorative concrete stone. The roof is rolled, coated - flat, with internal drains. Window fillings - metal-plastic profiles with double-glazed windows, micro-ventilation and ventilation noise dampers. Glazing of balconies is single. Opaque elements of stained-glass windows - from frosted glass, from the side of apartments to a height of 1200 mm stained-glass windows from the inside are to be sewn up with glass-magnesite panels on metal structures. In each section, two passenger-and-freight elevators with a carrying capacity = 630 kg, one passenger elevator with a carrying capacity = 400 kg, an H1-type stairwell and a garbage chute are designed. In the basement of the building, technical rooms are designed: an ITP room, a pump room for household needs, a fire pump room, cable rooms. The entrance to the elevators is at the level of the entrance to the building with a one-step ramp. In each section on the ground floor, there are electrical panel rooms, pantries for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink and a garbage collection chamber. On the ground floor in the B-mirror section, there are also designed control rooms with a separate entrance for house maintenance. The object was designed taking into account measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations - it is planned to install metal entrance doors (to apartments), opening grilles on fire pits, on the entrances and windows of basements. The decoration of the apartments provides for: wallpapering the walls and facing with ceramic tiles, painting the ceilings with water-based paints, covering the floors with linoleum and ceramic tiles. The walls of the staircase and elevator unit and inter-apartment corridors, ceilings and lower surfaces of marches are painted with water-based paint. The walls of the waste collection chamber are lined with glazed ceramic tiles to a height of 2,2 m.

Structural and space-planning solutions

The structural scheme of a two-section twenty-five-story panel residential building is a cross-wall system with load-bearing internal transverse and longitudinal walls and with hinged longitudinal external walls. The basement and first floor structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The outer walls of the basement are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 300 mm thick, in the blind area - with a cantilever. Walls - with external insulation with a layer of extruded polystyrene foam 100 mm thick, above the blind area - finished with Melikon-Polar concrete stone 120 mm thick. Concrete B25, W8, F150, class A500C reinforcement. The outer walls of the first floor are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick, insulated with Rockwool slabs 150 mm thick and finished with Melikon-Polar concrete stone 60 mm thick. Fastening of insulation to reinforced concrete - with dish-shaped dowels, fastening of concrete stone to reinforced concrete - with steel anchors with a corrosion-resistant coating. Concrete B25, W8, F150, class A500C reinforcement. The internal walls are made of monolithic reinforced concrete, in the basement - 300 mm thick, in the first floor - 200 mm thick. Concrete B25, reinforcement class A500C. Ceiling above the basement and first floor - continuous slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick. Concrete B30 (above the basement B30, W8, F150), class A500C reinforcement. The structures of the pits and porches are made of monolithic reinforced concrete supported by a grillage. Concrete B25, W8, F150, class A500C reinforcement. The residential building above the first floor was designed from products manufactured by CJSC DSK BLOCK. Non-load-bearing external walls - prefabricated reinforced concrete hinged panels 120 mm thick, insulated with Rockwool slabs 150 mm and finished with a thin layer of plaster according to the Bolix M1 system (TS No. 2865-10) with painting. The insulation is attached to the panels with dish-shaped dowels. Concrete B15, F100. The step of expansion joints in the plaster layer is taken in accordance with the technical certificate. The heat-insulating facade system adopted in the project documentation must be developed at the stage of "working documentation" and have the appropriate valid technical certificate of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. Load-bearing external walls - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 160 mm thick, insulated with Rockwool slabs 160 mm thick, finished with a thin plaster layer with painting. Concrete B22,5, F100. Bearing external walls in the area of ​​the expansion joint - three-layer reinforced concrete panels with a total thickness of 420 mm, with an outer layer 60 mm thick (concrete B22,5, F100, W4), with a middle layer of expanded polystyrene insulation with a density of 50 kg / m3, a thickness of 200 mm and an inner bearing layer 160 mm thick (concrete B22,5). Horizontal joints of load-bearing panels of internal and external load-bearing walls - platform, with the use of vertical fixation elements, with steel corners fastened to the embedded parts of the panels by welding. Horizontal mortar joint - 20 mm thick with cement-sand mortar M200. The transfer of forces to the underlying panel is through the floor slabs. Vertical joints of load-bearing wall panels are keyed, with welding of steel angles and plates to the embedded parts of the panels (in two levels along the height of the floor), along the top - with welding of steel plates. Concreting of a joint 100 mm wide - with fine-grained concrete B22,5 (from the 9th floor and above - with concrete B15). Sealing of embedded parts of panels and connecting plates, seams 20 mm thick - cement-sand mortar M200. Internal walls of floors 2-8 - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 200 mm thick (B30 concrete), from floors 9 to 18 - 160 mm thick (B22,5 concrete), above - 160 mm thick (B15 concrete). The pitch of the transverse walls is from 2,04 to 4,8 m. The ends of the panels are with dowels 55 mm deep and 80 mm wide. Partitions: prefabricated reinforced concrete panels - 80 and 60 mm thick; from brick - 120 and 250 mm thick; from tongue-and-groove gypsum boards - 80 mm thick. Ceilings and roofing - prefabricated reinforced concrete flat slabs 160 mm thick, rigidly connected to balconies. Concrete B22,5, F100 (for balcony slabs B22,5, F200, W4). Supporting floor slabs on wall panels - on two and three sides to a depth of 90 mm (on walls 200 mm thick) and 70 mm (on walls 160 mm thick), welding them together with steel plates 6 mm thick or reinforcing anchors with a diameter of 12AI, which perceive the forces acting in the plane of overlap. Filling the supporting joint - cement-sand mortar M200. Elevator shafts - prefabricated volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with a wall thickness of 120 mm, separated from the building structures by a seam. The width of the seam is taken in accordance with the magnitude of the horizontal movement of the building. Ventilation blocks - voluminous prefabricated reinforced concrete. Elements of stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete marches and platforms. Balconies and loggias of apartments - with hinged stained-glass windows made of aluminum profiles "Avangard". Loggia stairs - with a steel railing 1,2 m high. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building sections is ensured by the joint work of the transverse and longitudinal walls in combination with floor disks. All prefabricated elements produced by CJSC DSK BLOK correspond to the loads of an individual residential building. The length of the residential building is separated by a temperature-sedimentary seam. The structural scheme of the multi-level car park is a frame one, in the area of ​​the ventilation chamber premises it is a frame-bonded one. The supporting structures of the parking lot are made of monolithic reinforced concrete, the above-ground structures are made of concrete B25 and the working reinforcement A400, A240, the underground structures are made of concrete B25, F150, W4 and the working reinforcement A400, A240, the frame of the ventilation chamber is steel. The car park columns are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400x400 mm, below mark 0,000 - with a section of 500x500 mm, with a maximum pitch of 7,8x7,8 m. Frame racks in the ventilation chamber room are made of steel closed bent-welded profiles. The car park floors are solid slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete 150 mm thick on a system of cross beams with a section of 500x600 (h) mm. Strapping beams - with a section of 300x600 (h) mm. Overlapping in the ventilation chamber room - a slab of monolithic reinforced concrete with a total thickness of 157 mm in a fixed formwork of H57 profiled flooring. Ramps - from precast concrete hollow core slabs with a thickness of 220 mm supported on reinforced concrete and steel beams from rolled I-beams 25B1. The steel beams of the ramp are hinged to the embedded parts of the reinforced concrete columns. The parking lot is covered with sandwich panels 80 mm thick along steel purlins made of rolled channels (the spacing of purlins is not more than 2,6 m) and steel beams made of rolled I-beams 35B2 and 40B1. Steel roof beams - continuous (joining along the length - hinged outside the zone of supports), with hinged support on reinforced concrete columns along the top. The outer walls of the car park are sandwich panels 100 mm thick. Flights of stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete steps and landings made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 80 mm, supported by steel stringers from rolled channels No. 24u. Steel stringers - with hinged attachment to embedded parts of monolithic floor beams and with hinged support on steel platform beams. The length of the car park building is divided by an expansion joint. The spatial rigidity and stability of the parking lot is ensured by the rigid coupling of all reinforced concrete elements of the skeleton and the joint work of the frame with the hard disks of the floors. Calculations of the structures of a residential building were performed using the Ing + software package, version 2011, by the method of equivalent replacements, taking into account: the pulsating component of the wind load; joint work of the above-ground part of the building and foundations; mutual influence of neighboring blocks. The calculation confirmed the stability of the building against progressive destruction in the case of local destruction and the required fire resistance of structures. The maximum values ​​of mutual shifts in the panel joints are 0,47 mm. Calculations of car park structures were performed using the SCAD v.11.3 software package using the finite element method. The level of responsibility of buildings is the second (normal). The service life of buildings is assumed to be at least 50 years. The mark of the top of the floor slab above the basement of a residential building, corresponding to the absolute mark of 0,000, and the mark of the floor of the parking lot, corresponding to the absolute mark of 16.16, was taken as the mark of 15.55. The foundations were developed on the basis of engineering and geological surveys carried out at the construction site of TREST GRII CJSC in 2012. The foundations of the residential building are piled, the foundation of the parking lot is on a natural foundation. Piles of a residential building - bored, 520/660 mm in diameter, 21,62 and 20,62 m long (from the bottom of the grillage), made using the Fundex technology from the ground, without excavation, with a lost tip. Piles - made of concrete B25, W8, F100 with reinforcement for part of the length with reinforcement A500C and A240. The absolute mark of the bottom of the piles of residential sections is minus 8.96 and minus 7.96. The connection of piles with grillage is rigid. According to the results of soil testing with piles, the design load on piles is 180 tf. The base of the piles of a residential building - silty hard clays (IGE13) with e = 0,52, E = 300 kgf/cm2, φII = 23°, IL = -0,54. The grillages of a residential building are slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 700 mm. Concrete B25, W8, F100, working reinforcement A500C. The absolute mark of the bottom of grillages is 12.66. The foundations of the car park are slabs of monolithic reinforced concrete 500 mm thick, in the area of ​​the columns - with a thickening of up to 800 mm. Concrete B25, W4, F150 on sulfate-resistant Portland cement, working reinforcement A400, A240. The absolute mark of the bottom of the foundations is 13.85, in the thickening zone - 13.55. The average pressure at the base of the foundations is 0,98 kg/cm2. The base of the foundations of the parking lot is silty solid loam (IGE2) with e = 0,702, E = 180 kgf / cm2, φII = 18 °, IL = - 0,04 and silty solid loam (IGE5) with e = 0,519, E = 210 kgf / cm2, φII = 20°, IL = -0,02. The average calculated soil resistance is taken to be 2,6 kgf/cm2. Bulk soils at the base of the foundations are replaced by a sand cushion with a compaction factor of 0,96. Preparation under grillages and foundations - a layer of monolithic concrete B7,5 100 mm thick. The maximum level of groundwater of the “perch water” type is at the surface of the earth. Groundwater is non-aggressive, and soils are slightly aggressive in terms of sulfate content in relation to concrete of normal permeability. Protection of a residential building from groundwater and dampness: basement structures made of W8 concrete, cold concreting joints - with hydraulic seals, expansion joints - with waterstops. The car park building is designed without a basement, with floors on the ground and underground structures made of W4 concrete. Expected settlement settlement of the foundations of a residential building - no more 5,0 cm, relative difference of settlement - 0,0011, horizontal movement of the top of the sections - no more than 3,89 cm, acceleration of floor vibrations - no more than 0,0518 m/s2, stability factor of a residential building - no less than 19,4. The expected settlement of the parking lot is 7,16 cm, the relative difference of the settlement is 0,002, the depth of the compressible soil layer is 10,7 m, the horizontal movement of the top of the parking lot is no more than 1,3 cm. Buildings are designed without negative mutual influence and without negative impact on neighboring buildings. The design solutions for the main load-bearing structures are taken reasonably, confirmed by calculations, comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents and can provide conditions for normal operation.