Architectural and space-planning solutions

Design documentation has been developed for the construction of a residential apartment building located on the intra-quarter territory. The building consists of a residential part and a parking lot. The residential part of the building consists of 4 sections of variable number of storeys (2–4 elevated floors, excluding the basement floor under the entire building), without an attic, has the shape of a “square” of a broken outline in plan. Underground parking lot, closed type, designed built-in, occupies the territory of the yard space, is a continuation of the basement floor of the residential part of the building. The operated roof of the parking lot is a courtyard-terrace of the residential part of the building. The size of the parking spot in the extreme axes is 59,20x60,50 m. The height of the basement floor is designed to be 3,53 m, the height of the residential floors is 3,30 m, the height of the underground parking space is 2,73 m to the bottom of the protruding structures. Staircases and ventilation chambers of machine rooms of elevators protrude from the roof plane. The greatest height of the vertical plane of the facade from the planning level of the ground (-1,270 m) to the top of the parapet is 18,42 m. The level of the finished floor of the 0,000st floor of the building is taken as a relative mark of 1. In the basement, technical rooms, electrical panel, cable, ventilation chambers, a prechamber, a water metering unit, ITP, a built-in waste collection chamber, corridors, tambours, gateways, stairwells, elevators are designed. Apartments are designed with balconies or loggias. Some of the apartments on the upper floors have access to the roof. For evacuation and communication between floors, including the basement, in each section, L1-type stairwells are designed, which have exits to the territory adjacent to the building. Exits to the roof from stairwells and metal fire ladders at the height differences of the roof are provided. Each section has its own entrance/exit to the staircase/elevator unit from the side of the outer facades from the sidewalk level. Two sections have additional entrances and exits to the staircase and elevator unit from the side of the courtyard-terrace. Each section is provided with an elevator with a carrying capacity of 630 kg. The parking lot is intended for the storage of cars. Entry-exit to the car park - on a closed ramp, along which a sidewalk is provided. 6 evacuation exits from the basement and the parking lot were designed: two independent staircases and two open staircases that have access to the territory adjacent to the building, and two staircases, the exits of which are separated from the common staircases of the residential part of the building.  Стены лестнично-лифтовых блоков - монолитные железобетонные. Межквартирные стены – монолитные железобетонные толщиной 160 мм. Межквартирные стены между кухней и комнатой – монолитные железобетонные толщиной 160 мм с дополнительной перегородкой из пазо-гребневых плит толщиной 80 мм через минераловатную плиту с толщиной слоя 50 мм. Внутриквартирные перегородки – гипсовые пазогребневые блоки. Внутриквартирные перегородки между комнатой и санузлом – кирпичные толщиной 120 мм с дополнительной перегородкой со стороны санузла из пазогребневых гидрофобизированных плит толщиной 100 мм через минераловатную плиту с толщиной слоя 50 мм. Межквартирные стены в местах деформационных швов между санузлом и комнатой - монолитные железобетонные толщиной по 160 мм и конструктивным зазором 50 мм между ними, заполненным утеплителем. Перегородки санузлов – кирпичные толщиной 120 мм. Окна и балконные двери жилых этажей - металлопластиковые с двухкамерными стеклопакетами со встроенными приточными устройствами. Остекление балконов и лоджий – витражная алюминиевая конструкция с одинарным ударопрочным остеклением. Двери – металлические и деревянные, остекленные и глухие, в противопожарном и обычном исполнении. Ворота – металлические подъемные утепленные, с калиткой. Покрытие (крыша) здания - плоское, совмещенное, с кровлей из рулонных материалов, в отдельных местах - с защитным слоем из гравия. Покрытие (крыша) автостоянки – плоское, совмещенное, с рулонной кровлей, с верхним защитным слоем из бетонных плит или почвенно-растительного слоя. Водосток – внутренний. Козырьки – металлические окрашенные. В отделке фасадов используется природный камень, керамогранит, тонкослойная штукатурка. Внутренняя отделка помещений и покрытие полов запроектированы в соответствии с назначением помещений: полы – мозаичные, цементно-бетонные, из керамической плитки, линолеума ТЗИ; стены – штукатурка с водоэмульсионной краской, керамической плиткой, обоями; потолки - водоэмульсионная или клеевая краска; подшивные потолки – реечные; подвесные потолки акустические – плиты «Армстронг» по металлическому каркасу с минераловатным заполнением пустот. Предусмотрены мероприятия по обеспечению доступности первого этажа здания для инвалидов и маломобильных групп населения. Габариты лифтовых холлов и тамбуров, ширина поэтажных коридоров и полотен дверей, высота порогов в дверных проемах запроектированы в соответствии со СП 35-102-2001 п.4.21 и п.4.22. Входные тамбуры запроектированы глубиной не менее 1,50 м. Запроектирован подъемник на уровень двора-террасы эксплуатируемой кровли. Лестничные марши запроектированы с бортиками высотой 0,25 м, с твердым покрытием, не допускающим скольжения, с ограждениями, имеющими поручни в двух уровнях. Двери входные, тамбурные и на путях эвакуации – шириной не менее 0,90 м. Лифты – с кабиной размерами в плане не менее 2100 х 1100 мм с шириной двери не менее 900 мм. Предусмотрены участки тротуаров с пониженным поребриком, высота бортового камня на перепадах высот не превышает 0,04 м. Для личного автотранспорта инвалидов зарезервированы места на автостоянке.

Structural and space-planning solutions

The constructive scheme of a two-four-story four-section residential building is column-wall with the installation of external load-bearing walls, internal walls - diaphragms and columns along the internal axes. All load-bearing structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Concrete B25 (W4 basement walls), F50 (F100 for balconies), working reinforcement A-III and A-I. External walls are load-bearing, consisting of a layer of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick, a layer of insulation 80-130 mm thick and a hinged facade system consisting of porcelain stoneware slabs and an aluminum frame. Frame - with fastening to reinforced concrete walls with brackets, insulation - with fastening to reinforced concrete with dish-shaped dowels. In the zone of loggias and balconies, the outer walls are plastered. The hinged ventilated facade system adopted in the project documentation will be calculated and developed at the stage of "working documentation" in accordance with the current technical certificate of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. The outer walls of the basement floor are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 300 mm thick with external insulation with a layer of foam plastic 50 mm thick, above the blind area - with stone cladding. Columns - with a diameter of 400 mm, a section of 300 x 300 mm, in the basement in the area adjacent to the parking lot - with a section of 400 x 400 mm. Internal walls - 200 mm thick, in the basement - 200 mm thick, in the area of ​​passage through the outer walls - with thermal inserts. Ceilings and roofing - beamless continuous slabs 200 mm thick, in the area of ​​balconies - with thermal breaks, above the basement - with rigid reinforcement in the area of ​​columns. Elements of stairs - monolithic reinforced concrete marches and platforms. Elevator shafts - monolithic reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of 160 mm. The length of the building is divided into three deformation blocks. The spatial rigidity and stability of the blocks is ensured by the box-shaped structure of the basement and the joint work of columns and load-bearing longitudinal and transverse walls with rigid disks of monolithic floors. In the middle part, the building is designed with a passage device. The level of responsibility of the building is the second (normal). The estimated service life of the building is assumed to be at least 50 years. The constructive scheme of the above-ground parking lot (stylobate) is column-wall. All load-bearing structures of the car park are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Concrete B25, W4, F50, working reinforcement A-III and A-I. Columns - with a section of 400 mm with a maximum pitch of 6,4 x 6,0 m. The outer wall of the car park - 300 mm thick. The pavement above the car park is a continuous slab 220 mm thick on a system of cross beams with a section of 400 x 500 (h) mm. The coating is designed for temporary standard load - 0,5 tf/m2. The parking lot is designed in the courtyard of a residential building without adjacent walls, with a sedimentary seam in the junction zone. Calculations of building structures were performed in a finite element model using a certified software package "SCAD" v.11.5. The fire resistance of structures is ensured due to the installation of a normalized value of the protective layer of concrete up to the axis of the working reinforcement and is confirmed by calculations. The mark of 0,000 is taken as the mark of the finished floor of the first floor, corresponding to the absolute mark of 25.20. The foundations are developed on the basis of engineering and geological surveys. Foundations - slabs on a natural base, made of monolithic reinforced concrete 500 mm thick. Concrete B25, W8, F150, working reinforcement A-III, A-I. Absolute mark of the bottom of foundation slabs 21.12. The pressure under the sole of the foundations is 0,9 - 1,1 kgf / m2. The base of the foundation slabs is sand of medium size, medium density, wet and saturated with water (EGE-2) with e = 0,65, E = 270 kgf / cm2, φII = 35 ° and sand is fine, dense, wet and saturated with water (IGE -4) with e = 0,50, E = 430 kgf/cm2, φII = 37°. The calculated resistance of the soil at the base of the foundations is 5,7 kgf / m2. Preparation under the foundations - a layer of monolithic concrete B10 50 mm thick, over a layer of crushed stone 200 mm thick. The maximum groundwater level is at an absolute mark of 21.70 - 22.10. Groundwater is moderately aggressive in terms of the content of aggressive carbon dioxide, slightly aggressive in terms of the hydrogen index and the presence of bicarbonate alkalinity in relation to concrete of normal permeability. Protection of the building from groundwater and dampness: drainage, coating waterproofing of concrete surfaces in contact with the ground, cold joints of concreting - with hydraulic gaskets, expansion joints - with waterstops. The expected average design settlement of foundations is 3 cm.