Architectural and space-planning solutions

A detached multi-storey car park of a closed type was designed, which is a part (stage II of construction) of a residential complex with built-in premises and a detached multi-storey car park. The closed-type unheated car park building is four-story, without a basement, has a complex shape in plan, with dimensions in the axes of 102,30 x 66,50 m. Height 1-4 floors 3.0m. the height to the bottom of the protruding structures in the car park premises is 2,4 m, the height to the bottom of the horizontal utilities is 2,2 m. The height of the main volume of the building to the top of the parapet is 12.4 m. The total capacity of the car park is 465 cars (cars of small and medium classes), including 1 cars on the 112st floor, 2 cars on the 3nd and 118rd floors, and 4 cars on the 117th floor. On the 1st floor there are 2 places for disabled cars. The car park is not intended for the storage of vehicles running on gaseous fuels.
Entrance and exit to floors 2-4 is designed along a double-track curvilinear ramp, evacuation from the floors is provided through three stairwells with access to the outside. On the 1st floor of the building, a security room, a bathroom for employees and visitors accessible to the disabled, an electrical panel room, a water meter unit (heated rooms), a fire equipment room with a cleaning unit area are designed. In the parking lot and on the ramp, wheel-breaking devices are provided to prevent damage to the building structures by cars, h = 150 mm. The outer walls of the parking lot are non-bearing, made of sand-lime bricks, wall thickness 120 mm, blue and white sand-lime facing bricks, plinth-cladding with concrete stone. The outer walls of the car park, located at a distance of less than 15 m from the borders of the gas station, are blind, made of sand-lime bricks, wall thickness 380 mm, without openings. From the side of the highway, st. and from the side of the gas station (where the distance to the gas station is more than 15 m), openings 600 mm high, covered with a mesh, are provided in the walls, above the openings - metal shutters to protect against snow and rain. Window openings are provided in the parking lot at the alignment of the main and secondary passages (fireproof window blocks from the side of residential buildings (in axes 1-19 along axis A)). Metal-plastic single-chamber opening windows are provided in the security room. The roof of the building is rolled, with an organized external drain, the roof of the protruding staircases is made of flexible bituminous tiles with an organized drain to the main underlying roof. In places of passage to the ventilation chamber and at the smoke exhaust shafts, a cement-sand screed is provided.

Structural and space-planning solutions:

The building of a four-story unheated car park is divided into four blocks by expansion joints. Structural scheme of blocks of the car park building - frame - bonded and frame. The frames are designed in two directions of their prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of individual manufacture, produced by GSSK in formwork according to the type of the Recon series. Columns - prefabricated reinforced concrete with a section of 400 x 400 mm (concrete B30, working reinforcement A-III), in the area where the crossbar and ceiling adjoin - without concrete. Joint of columns in height - outside the zone of overlap, according to the type of "plug connection" with the introduction of reinforcing outlets of the upper column into the channels of the lower column, using a centering steel plate and sealing the joint with fine-grained concrete B30. The joint of the column with the foundation - according to the type of interfloor joint with additional welding of the embedded parts of the column to the embedded parts in the foundation through steel scarves made of sheet steel 10 mm thick and concreted (concrete B20). Crossbars - prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed, with a section of 300 x 300 mm and 300 x 250 mm (concrete B30, reinforcement with K7 seven-wire reinforcing ropes), at the ends - with positions for installing reinforcing bars. Crossbars - for a span from 3,6 m to 7,9 m. Joint of crossbars with column - reinforcing ties with subsequent concreting of the joint to the height of floor slabs. To ensure the perception of installation loads from freshly laid concrete, prefabricated crossbars are supported by a system of inventory supports. The design cross section of the crossbar is a taurus (shelf down), consisting of a prefabricated crossbar and concrete for monolithic upper zone of the crossbar. To ensure the required fire resistance (R90 and R150), the crossbars are plastered with a fire retardant compound SOSH-1. Ceilings - from prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed hollow core slabs (IZH 745-01 series), for a load of 1000 kN / m2, 300 mm thick for a span from 3,6 m to 7,9 m, supported by a crossbar by 65 mm. The continuity of the floor disk is ensured by installing bent frames in the voids of the slabs filled with B30 concrete. To ensure the required fire resistance (R150), the boards are plastered with SOSH-1 fire retardant. The ramp ceiling is made of monolithic reinforced concrete 300 mm thick (concrete B30, working reinforcement A-III). External walls of the building: non-bearing - from silicate face solid brick with a density of 1500 kg / m3 M150, F15 120 mm thick (pylons 250 mm thick); self-supporting (from the gas station side) - 380 mm thick. Masonry - with reinforcement and fastening to columns and crossbars. The outer walls of the basement in the zone where the top of the blind area exceeds the level of the top of the foundation slab are designed in two types: from prefabricated foundation blocks and from monolithic reinforced concrete (concrete B20, working reinforcement A-III) 200 mm thick with facing with concrete melikonpolar stone). Internal walls of the staircase: longitudinal - prefabricated stiffening diaphragms; transverse - from silicate brick 250 mm thick. Stiffness diaphragms - prefabricated reinforced concrete, 180 mm thick, for a span of 5,0 and 5,5 m, supported on crossbars and fastened to columns by welding (concrete B20, working reinforcement A-III). The inner walls of the ramp are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick (concrete B20). Elements of stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete marching platforms according to the series 1.090.1-1 and prefabricated reinforced concrete steps along steel stringers. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by the box-shaped structure of the basement, the rigidity of the frames in two directions and the joint work of the frames, stiffening diaphragms, monolithic walls of the ramp with hard floor disks. Calculations of building structures were performed using the ING+ software package (certificate of conformity No. ROSS RU.SP15.N00240) in a finite element model, taking into account the joint operation of the foundation building and foundation. Building Responsibility Level -2 (Normal). The mark of the floor of the first floor, corresponding to the absolute mark of + 0,000 m, was taken as the mark of 27,680. The foundation was developed in accordance with engineering and geological surveys. The foundation is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab 900 mm thick (concrete B20, W4, F75 working reinforcement A-III). Absolute mark of the bottom of the slab + 26,700 m. The base of the foundation slab is dusty dense wet sand with e = 0,55, E = 23 MPa, φII = 34°, c = 0,006 MPa, with design resistance not less than 60 kPa. Foundation preparation - from a layer of monolithic concrete with a thickness of 100 mm. Protection of the building from groundwater and dampness: coated waterproofing of concrete surfaces in contact with the ground. The expected average design settlement of the building is 7,4 cm, the relative difference in settlement is 0,0014, the displacement of the top of the building is 1,57 cm, the depth of the compressible thickness is 21 m The building was designed in a complex building block at a distance of 21 m from a residential panel building under construction (building 4) on pile foundations and at a distance of 6 m from the gas station territory fence. The calculation determined the zone of possible soil deformation around the designed building, the size of which does not exceed 10 m. To fasten the walls of the pit up to 2,5 m deep from the existing relief marks (along the territory of the gas station), a wall in the ground was designed from contiguous bored piles with a diameter of 300 mm, carried out from the surface of the earth with the mark of the tip of the piles below the base of the foundation slab by 3,0 m (concrete B25, working fittings A-III). The project provides for monitoring of construction and surrounding buildings. The design solutions for the main load-bearing structures are taken reasonably, confirmed by calculations, comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents and can provide conditions for normal operation.