Architectural solutions

The set of functional groups, the composition and area of ​​the premises (rooms) are adopted taking into account the functional and pedagogical structure and purpose, changes in design standards, and also in accordance with the Terms of Reference. Premises, BUT consist of educational and general school premises and are divided into functional groups. The main building of the secondary (comprehensive) school has a complex shape in plan, conditionally divided into four blocks: block "A", "B", "C" and "G", separated by anti-seismic seams, with dimensions in the axes: "1" - "12" - 60,40 m; "A" - "X" - 56,74 m. Overall dimensions of the blocks: Block "A" - along the axes - "3" - "5" - 18,20 m; "U" - "X" - 19,70 m. Block "B" - along the axes - "1" - "5" - 24,00 m; "Zh" - "P" - 16,40 m. Block "B" - along the axes - "3" - "12" - 48,40 m; "A" - "E" - 19,70 m. Block "G" - along the axes - "10" - "12" - 12,00 m; "F" - "T" - 21,47 m. The designed form of the school made it possible to obtain an internal (separated one of the sides open towards the sports zone) courtyard, which can be used for physical education, school-wide events, and also as a recreational zone (recreation area ). Blocks "A", "B", "C" are designed as three-story, block "G" - one-story (sports hall). The height of the common premises is 3 m, the height of the sports hall is 9 m (heights are given from floor to ceiling). All rooms on the floors (classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, administrative offices, etc.) have sources of natural light - windows. - The width of the corridors in the main school is 1,20-2,40 m. - Width of stairs - 1,30 - 1,35 m. The number of stairs in the school - 3 (block "A", "B", "C" one each, which corresponds to the normalized number for fire evacuation). The number of steps on one march is 3, 12, 11. The angle of inclination of the stairs to the floor surface is 1:2. On all floors there are bathrooms for teachers, students, people with limited mobility, storage rooms for cleaning items. The school building is located at the back of the site. When designing, they were guided by the fact that the school building should be a recognizable, dominant element in the existing residential development. The proportionality of the volumes was created both due to the vertical and horizontal segmentation of the facades, and the overall dimensions of the school blocks. The facades of the school are designed in the same style, where the two main facades have a more pronounced plasticity due to the protruding bay window, made entirely of glass starting from the second floor and framed by a pediment in block "B" and the protruding bay window of block "C". The main entrance to the school is from Daurbekov Street. Therefore, at the level of the 2nd floor in the bay window, an open balcony is provided, which, framing the premises of the educational part (the office of the director, head teacher), allows using it as a tribune during school-wide events. In the future, a digital display with the date, time and any other information necessary for schoolchildren can be located on the balcony railing. The completion of all facades of the school is a high pediment, visually hiding the pitched roof of the school. The main facades of the school are decorated with a bas-relief monogram with the number of the school. Bay windows moved forward by 4,20; 6,23 m and solved in the total volume of block "B" and "C". The main entrance to the school building (porch) repeats the shape of the bay window. The division of the school into blocks made it possible to carry out a clear division of students according to the level of education. So the elementary school (I-st stage of education) is located in block "B" on the first floor with its own individual entrance. The elementary school, which includes 2 classrooms, 2 playrooms, bathrooms, recreation with access to the corridor of the main block, is completely isolated from the common part of the school. 2-, 3-, 4th grades (I-st stage of education) are located on the second floor of blocks "A" and block "B". The entrance for them and students of the second stage (5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th grades) of education is provided from the central facade, while for students of the second stage education is provided on the third floor. Blocks "A" "B" and "C" and "D" are located in such a way as to separate the educational process of students of different age groups. On the first floor of block "A" there is a food block with accompanying premises with a spacious dining room, with separate entrances to it for students of various levels of education, with access to a corridor of service premises (hot shop, meat and fish shop, pantries, washing, loading, rooms for personnel). The dining rooms, combined into an independent block, are equipped with an autonomous entrance from the outside, with an unloading platform at the entrance. On the first floor of block "A" there is an electrical panel room, a heating point, which have a separate entrance (exit) from the outside of the school. In block "G" there is a sports hall, locker rooms, bathrooms at the locker rooms, equipment room. The entrance has its own separate entrance solution from the lobby of the main school of block "B". Also, the sports hall is equipped with a direct exit (evacuation) to the school grounds, from the side of the school courtyard. The sports hall is designed with a flat monolithic reinforced concrete floor. The division of the school into four blocks formed docking nodes in a single volume of the school. To visually soften the docking nodes connecting the blocks, they are softened in the form of additional semicircular volumes starting from the second floor. The connecting semicircular volume is designed in the form of rooms with a large pediment of stained-glass windows, which repeats the stained-glass solution of the central bay window of block "B" - glass walls from the second floor to the top. In functional terms, these additional volumes make it possible to arrange corners of wildlife in the classrooms. All evacuation entrances (exits) are solved in the total volume of internal facades (they go both to the courtyard and to the green zone of the school). The plan of the presented school makes it possible to completely eliminate the formation of "passing zones" in which different age groups of students intersect. The primary class (grade 1) is located in the main block of the school (block "A"), the entrance, recreational areas are separated from the premises of the main school. On the second floor, separately for students of the first stage, there are primary school classes (grades 2-4), an extended day room, a wardrobe, bathrooms, a storage room for cleaning equipment, a teacher's room, a recreation area with access to a common recreation area; General recreation, foreign language classrooms, library, technical staff room, bathrooms for teachers. On the third floor there are classes of the main school, a natural science office, laboratory assistants, a computer class of the teacher's main school, hobby rooms, the office of the director of the office, the office of the head of educational and economic work, the office of the deputy for administrative and economic work, bathrooms, a storage room for cleaning equipment. The area in the classrooms is taken at least 2,5 m2 per student, in specialized classrooms and laboratories - 3 m2/student, recreations are designed at the rate of 2m2/student. The outer walls of the school are two-layer filling of blocks, followed by facing bricks (solid ceramic bricks 120 mm thick). The inner walls are brick. The roof of the complex-shaped building of block "A" and the gable roof of blocks "B" and "C", "G".

 Constructive decisions

When designing the school, the durability and maintainability of the building, set by the customer in the assignment (II - category with a service life of 50-100 years) for design, were taken into account. Therefore, preference was given to those structures of the building, the strength and stability of which, as well as the service life of the building as a whole, retain their properties within acceptable limits. When designing a building, preference was given to materials, structures and structural scheme (symmetrical scheme, the distribution of structural rigidities and their masses, as well as uniform loads on the floor), providing the lowest values ​​of seismic loads. All structures, the foundation of the school building are designed to withstand permanent loads, temporary loads, combinations of loads, taking into account seismic effects, snow and wind loads. The structural scheme of the buildings is a reinforced concrete frame (frame with blockwork filling - foam blocks) with reinforced concrete diaphragms, stiffening cores (staircase). The main load-bearing structures are formed by a system of columns, a system of horizontal disks - ceilings, coatings and vertical elements - diaphragms and stiffening cores. Columns of buildings perceive vertical loads from the floor sections resting on them, as well as partially horizontal loads. Overlappings in the frame load-bearing structure system, in addition to the main work on vertical loads, perceive the horizontal forces acting on the building and transfer them to columns and diaphragms. In addition to the perception of external horizontal loads, floors perceive forces arising from errors in the installation of columns, changes in the temperature of structures, and also redistribute forces between pylons in areas of change in their scheme or stiffness ratio, participate in the joint work of the above-ground part of the building with foundations. "Diaphragms" perceive part of the vertical and all horizontal loads acting on the building, and transfer them to the foundations. They also provide the overall stability of the building, and their rigidity determines the significance of the movements of the supporting structures and the building as a whole. The sufficiency of the adopted "Diaphragm" system was verified by calculation. Applied in buildings "Diaphragms" in configuration - flat and spatial closed profile. All nodes for connecting columns and crossbars of frames to each other, as well as with ceilings and diaphragms, are rigid. Diaphragms, stiffening cores are made continuous over the entire height of the building. To ensure separate operation of load-bearing and non-bearing structures, the design of the junctions of walls and columns, diaphragms and ceilings (crossbars) excludes the possibility of transferring loads acting in their plane to them. Wall masonry has flexible connections with the frame, which do not prevent horizontal displacement of the frame along the walls. The designed school building in terms of a complex figurative shape. The building consists of 4 blocks separated from each other by anti-seismic seams (seam thickness 0,07 m). Expansion joints are made with filling with modern building materials - the seam along the perimeter of the buildings is laid by "Vilaterm", followed by sealing the seam "Lepta-12". Block "A", "B" and "C" is designed as a three-story building with a floor height of 3,9 m. The third block (block "D") is designed as a one-story building with a floor height (sports hall) of -7,8 m. The applied monolithic reinforced concrete frame of frame type, the frame columns have a section of 400 * 400 (block "A"; Block "B"), 400 * 400 and 400 * 600 (block "C"), rigidly clamped in a monolithic reinforced concrete slab . Crossbars in two directions, monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400 * 600 mm (block "A"; Block "B", Block "C"), 400 * 650 mm and 400 * 1000mm (block "D"). Foundations - monolithic reinforced concrete slab B20. The walls enclosing the school building are two-layer, made of foam blocks (400 mm) and facing bricks (120 mm) thick. The walls are supported at the level of the second and third floors on the crossbars of the frame with flexible connections attached to it, at the level of the basement floor on the foundation slab. Ceilings in all three blocks - monolithic reinforced concrete slabs 200 mm thick, supported along the contour (crossbars, frames). The roof in each of the blocks is single-pitched from metal sheets with a polymer coating (metal profiled sheets) with an external organized drainage system (water is discharged from the roof through downpipes into a drainage tray running along the blind area, with further discharge to the surface of the territory).